In vitro, 4-methylamphetamine acts as a potent and well-balanced serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopaminereleasing agent (SNDRA) with EC50Tooltip half-maximal effective concentration values of 53.4nM, 22.2nM, and 44.1nM at the serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine transporters, respectively.[1]Receptor interaction data for 4-methylamphetamine have also been reported.[2]
However, more recent in vivo studies that involved performing microdialysis on rats showed a different trend. These studies showed that 4-methylamphetamine is much more potent at elevating serotonin (~18 x baseline) relative to dopamine (~5 x baseline). The authors speculated that this is because 5-HT release dampens DA release through some mechanism. For example, it was suggested that a possible cause for this could be activation of 5HT2C receptors since this is known to inhibit DA release. In addition there are alternative explanations such as 5-HT release then going on to encourage GABA release, which has an inhibitory effect on DA neurons.[3]
In animal studies, 4-MA was shown to have the lowest rate of self-administration out of a range of similar drugs tested (the others being 3-methylamphetamine, 4-fluoroamphetamine, and 3-fluoroamphetamine), likely as a result of having the highest potency for releasing serotonin relative to dopamine.[1][4]
Monoamine release of 4-methylamphetamine and related agents (EC50Tooltip Half maximal effective concentration, nM)
4-Methylamphetamine occurs naturally as an alkaloid in Thymus quinquecostatus plants, although its content even in young leaves is quite low [21][22]. In addition to it, there are related amphetamine structures or phenylpropanoids[23].
Society and culture
More than a dozen deaths were reported throughout Europe in 2012-2013 after consumption of amphetamine ('speed') contaminated with 4-methylamphetamine.[24][25][26]
Research
4-MA was investigated as an appetite suppressant in 1952 and was even given a trade name, Aptrol, but development was apparently never completed.[27] More recently it has been reported as a novel designer drug.
4-Methylamphetamine (4-MA) is a potent stimulant with high potential for abuse and no currently accepted medical use in many jurisdictions
. It is regulated as a controlled substance in many countries.
National Institutes of Health (.gov)
Due to its high toxicity and status as a controlled substance, the purchase and possession of 4-Methylamphetamine are strictly restricted to authorized forensic and research institutions.
Health and Safety Risks:
Severe Toxicity: 4-MA has been linked to numerous fatalities and severe medical emergencies. It is known to cause extreme hyperthermia, cardiovascular distress, and neurological damage.
Lack of Quality Control: When found in illicit markets, the substance is often misrepresented or mixed with other hazardous chemicals, significantly increasing the risk of accidental overdose.
Legal Consequences:
In many jurisdictions, 4-MA is classified under the most restrictive drug schedules. Unauthorized possession, distribution, or manufacturing can result in severe criminal penalties, including imprisonment and substantial fines.
If there is a need for information regarding substance abuse or recovery, contacting local health services or a crisis hotline is recommended.
4-methoxyamphetamine is a DEA Schedule I controlled substance. Substances in the DEA Schedule I have no currently accepted medical...
National Institutes of Health (.gov)
4-Metilanfetamina – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre
Usos. A 4-MA foi estudada como inibidor de apetite (anorexígeno) em 1952 e chegou a ser registrada com o nome comercial Aptrol, ma...
Wikipedia
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4-Methylamphetamine (4-MA)
OFDT Documentation
https://bdoc.ofdt.fr › doc_num
PDF
29 Nov 2012 — The CAS Registry Number for this ketone is 2096-86-8. Page 12. RISK ASSESSMENTS I 4-Methylamphetamine (4-MA). Risk Assessment ...Read more
4-Methylamphetamine (hydrochloride) to order online from our supplier Cayman, specialist in Analytical Standards. CAS Number: 41632-56-8. Size: 1 mg, 5 mg.
4-Methylamphetamine
Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › 4-Methylamphetamine
4-Methylamphetamine (4-MA) or para-methylamphetamine, also known by the former proposed brand name Aptrol, is a stimulant and anorectic drug of the ...Read more
4-Methylamphetamine (4-MA) (hydrochloride) (Item No. 14215) is an analytical reference standard categorized as an amphetamine. 4-MA acts on norepinephrine ...Read more
P-Methylamphetamine, also known as P-Meth, is a synthetic stimulant drug that is structurally similar to amphetamine. It is a white, crystalline powder that ...Read more
4-Methylamphetamine (hydrochloride) | CAS NO.:41632-56-8
4-Methylamphetamine (4-MA) (hydrochloride) is an analytical reference standard categorized as an amphetamine. 4-MA acts on norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) ...Read more
An amphetamine that increases extracellular NE and DA with potencies similar to D-amphetamine (EC50s of 22.2 and 7.2 nM for NE and 44.1 and 8.0 nM for DA, ...
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