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Buy Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) Cas 608137-32-2

Lisdexamfetamine, sold under the brand names Vyvanse (/'vai.væns/) and Elvanse among others, is a stimulant medication that is used as a treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in both children and adults, and for moderate-to-severe binge eating disorder in adults.^[17] A prodrug of dextroamphetamine, lisdexamfetamine is taken by mouth. Its effects generally begin within 90 minutes and last for up to 14 hours.^[17] Common side effects of lisdexamfetamine include loss of appetite, anxiety, diarrhea, trouble sleeping, irritability, and nausea.^[17] Rare but serious side effects include mania, sudden cardiac death in those with underlying heart problems, and psychosis.^[17] It has a high potential for substance abuse.^[6][17] Serotonin syndrome may occur if used with certain other medications.^[17] Its use during pregnancy may result in harm to the fetus, and use during breastfeeding is not recommended by the manufacturer^[18][17][19] as dextroamphetamine (its metabolite) can pass through the breastmilk.^[20] Lisdexamfetamine is an inactive prodrug that is formed by the condensation of L-lysine, a naturally occurring amino acid, and dextroamphetamine.^[21] In the body, metabolic action reverses this process to release the active agent, the central nervous system (CNS) stimulant dextroamphetamine.^[17][22] Lisdexamfetamine was approved for medical use in the United States in 2007 and in the European Union in 2012.^[17][23] In 2023, it was the 76th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 9 million prescriptions.^[24][25] It is a Class B controlled substance in the United Kingdom, a Schedule 8 controlled drug in Australia, and a Schedule II controlled substance in the United States.^[18][26]

Lisdexamfetamine is used primarily as a treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and binge eating disorder.^[6] It has similar off-label uses as those of other pharmaceutical amphetamines,^[15] such as the treatment of narcolepsy.^[27] Individuals over the age of 65 were not commonly tested in clinical trials of lisdexamfetamine for ADHD.^[6] According to a 2019 systematic review, lisdexamfetamine was the most effective treatment for adult ADHD.^[28] Long-term amphetamine exposure at sufficiently high doses in some animal species is known to produce abnormal dopamine system development or nerve damage,^[29][30] but, in humans with ADHD, long-term use of pharmaceutical amphetamines at therapeutic doses appears to improve brain development and nerve growth.^[31][32][33] Reviews of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies suggest that long-term treatment with amphetamine decreases abnormalities in brain structure and function found in subjects with ADHD, and improves function in several parts of the brain, such as the right caudate nucleus of the basal ganglia.^[31][32][33] Reviews of clinical stimulant research have established the safety and effectiveness of long-term continuous amphetamine use for the treatment of ADHD.^[34][35][36] Randomized controlled trials of continuous stimulant therapy for the treatment of ADHD spanning 2 years have demonstrated treatment effectiveness and safety.^[34][35] Two reviews have indicated that long-term continuous stimulant therapy for ADHD is effective for reducing the core symptoms of ADHD (i.e., hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity), enhancing quality of life and academic achievement, and producing improvements in a large number of functional outcomes^{[note 1]} across 9 categories of outcomes related to academics, antisocial behavior, driving, non-medicinal drug use, obesity, occupation, self-esteem, service use (i.e., academic, occupational, health, financial, and legal services), and social function.^[34][36] Additionally, a 2024 meta-analytic systematic review reported moderate improvements in quality of life when amphetamine treatment is used for ADHD.^[38] One review highlighted a nine-month randomized controlled trial of amphetamine treatment for ADHD in children that found an average increase of 4.5 IQ points, continued increases in attention, and continued decreases in disruptive behaviors and hyperactivity.^[35] Another review indicated that, based upon the longest follow-up studies conducted to date, lifetime stimulant therapy that begins during childhood is continuously effective for controlling ADHD symptoms and reduces the risk of developing a substance use disorder as an adult.^[34]